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People’s Journal of Scientific Research / Volume 16 / Issue 1 / Jan-June 2023
An Exploratory Study to Assess the Knowledge &
Attitude of Parents Regarding Play Needs of Children
(under 5 years of age) in Selected Hospital of Durg
(C.G.)
Shriti David
Department of Peadiatric Nursing, Shakuntala School & College of Nursing, New Delhi
ABSTRACT: Background-The human life has a distinct sphere– the world of play makes childhood more
meaningful, happy & motivate the child to learn, develop & mature. Parents, teachers, nurses,
psychologists are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of play and its influence upon
bringing of children. The study was designed to assess the knowledge and attitude of parents regarding
play needs of children.
Materials & Methods- 100 couples were selected using purposive sampling technique. A structured
questionnaire was prepared for assessing the knowledge & attitude of parents regarding play needs of
children (under 5 years of age).
Results- 20% of them had moderately adequate knowledge whereas 22% had moderately adequate
attitude with. Knowledge & attitude of parents correlated. There is no significant association between
socio demographic variables and knowledge except gender, religion, and mass media exposure, type of
family, and monthly income and number of children as demographic variables. There is no significant
association between socio demographic variables and attitude except gender, religion, qualification,
type of family, and number of children as demographic variables.
Conclusion-This study was conducted in Govt. Hospital of Durg (Chattisgarh) with the parents having
children under 5 years of age. The findings of the study recommended the further interventional
approaches regarding play needs of children. Parents need to be educated about meaning and
importance of play for child. It creates awareness play know, attitudes, play needs, under five.
KEYWORDS: pregnancy; brittle bone disease; osteogenesis imperfecta; materna outcome; fetal
outcome.
Address for correspondence : Dr Shriti David, H.No. 774/28, RFZ, Gali No. 14, F-Block, Rajnagar Extension, Near Bagdola Mother
Dairy, Dwarka, Sector 8, New Delhi - 110077, E-mail: shriti18184@gmail.com
Submitted: 26.11.2022, Accepted: 12.06.2023, Published: 26.06.2023
INTRODUCTION:
Play is a dynamic, active, constructive behavior
and essential and integral part of all children's healthy
growth, development, and learning across all domains, ages
and cultures. Play is a dynamic process that develops and
changes as it becomes increasingly more varied and
complex. It is considered a key facilitator for learning and
development across all domains and reflects the social and
cultural contexts in which children live. Playing is learned
by so many factors like proper health (mental & physical),
motor development, sex, surrounding environment,
socioeconomic status and play equipment/items. Play is that
accepted part of a child's life today that few people refuse to
consider the role it plays in the child development. Play is
basically categorized into two parts; namely: Active play in
which the child is actively involved in games and the other
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How to cite this article: David S. An Exploratory Study to Assess the
Knowledge & Attitude of Parents Regarding Play Needs of Children
(under 5 years of age) in Selected Hospital of Durg (C.G.). PJSR.
2023;16(1):30-35.
Research Article
Access this article online
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Website:
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DOI:
doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8077066
People’s Journal of Scientific Research / Volume 16 / Issue 1 / Jan-June 2023
31
David S. Knowledge & Attitude of Parents Regarding Play Needs of Children
Table 1: Demographic details.
S.
No.
Demographic variables No. of parents (n) %
[2]
Religion
[3]
Sex
being Passive play in which the child enjoys other's
activities for e.g.:- watching people & animal on T.V.
Our study assessed the association between play need
of children and attitudes of parents towards play of
children under the age 5.
MATERIALS & METHODS:
The study was carried out in Government
hospital in Durg (Chhattisgarh). Ethical permission
was duly taken. The participants were informed about
the study. Non experimental research design was used
to assess the knowledge & attitude of parents regarding
play needs of children (under 5 years of age). 100
couples (parents) were selected using purposive
sampling technique. All the couples willing for the
study and falling within 31 to 50 years were included in
the study. Validity and reliability of tool were tested
and a self-structured questionnaire was prepared. 31 -
50 years age group of parents were included in study.
After collection of data, informational booklet was
[1] Age
1.1 31 -35 yrs
63
63.0%
1.2 36 -40 yrs
24
24.0%
1.3 41 -45 yrs
9
9.0%
1.4 46 -50 yrs
4
4.0%
2.1 Hindu
65
65.0%
2.2 Muslim
16
16.0%
2.3 Christian
11
11.0%
2.4 Sikh
8
8.0%
3.1 Male
40
40.0%
3.2 Female
60
60.0%
[4] Qualification
4.1 Illiterate
27
27.0%
4.2 Primary/middle education
41
41.0%
4.3 High school/ higher secondaryeducation
19
19.0%
4.4 Graduate//post graduateeducation
13
13.0%
[5] Mass media
5.1 Radio
17
17.0%
5.2 TV
42
42.0%
5.3 Magazine
14
14.0%
5.4 Newspaper
27
27.0%
[6] Type of family
6.1 Nuclear family
61
61.0%
6.2 Joint family
39
39.0%
[7] Monthly income
7.1 < Rs.3000
47
47.0%
7.2 Rs.3000 -5000
18
18.0%
7.3 Rs.5000 -7000
21
21.0%
7.4 Rs.7000 -10000
14
14.0%
[8] No. of children
8.1 One
21
21.0%
8.2 Two
35
35.0%
8.3 Three
26
26.0%
8.4 >Three
18
18.0%
David S. Knowledge & Attitude of Parents Regarding Play Needs of Children
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People’s Journal of Scientific Research / Volume 16 / Issue 1 / Jan-June 2023
Data Collection
Administration of structured
questionnaire and Data Collection
Analysis
Descriptive & inferential statistics
to assess the knowledge & attitude
Setting of the Study
Govt. Hospital, Durg (C.G.)
Tool
Structured Questionnaire
- Age
- Sex
- Religion
- Monthly income
- Qualification of Parents
- Type of family
- no. of children
- Mass Media Exposure
Independent Variab les
Knowledge & attitude
regarding play need
Dependent Variable
100 Parent’s who have children
(Under 5 year)
Sample Size
Parent from Govt. Hospital of
Durg (C.G.)
Accessible Population
Parent who are having children
(Under 5% of age)
Target Population
Sampling Technique
Convenient Sampling
David S. Knowledge & Attitude of Parents Regarding Play Needs of Children
People’s Journal of Scientific Research / Volume 16 / Issue 1 / Jan-June 2023
33
Criteria measurement for
knowledge & attitude
<=50% ? Inadequate
51-75%? Moderately
76-100% ? Adequate
Informational booklet – for Parents regarding play need of Children (Under 5 year of age)
Finding
Figure 5: Schematic representation of the research design.
David S. Knowledge & Attitude of Parents Regarding Play Needs of Children
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People’s Journal of Scientific Research / Volume 16 / Issue 1 / Jan-June 2023
Table 2: Parents level of knowledge score on play needs of children
Level of knowledge
Criteria for measurement
No. of parents
%
Inadequate knowledge
0 -11.5 = <= 50%
80
80.0%
Moderately adequate knowledge
11.6 -16.5 = 51 -75%
20
20%
Adequate knowledge
16.6 - 22.0 = 76-100%
0
0.0%
Total
100
100%
Table 3: Parents level of attitude score on play needs of children
Level of Attitude
Criteria
for measurement
No. of parents
%
Inadequate knowledge
0 -1 =
<= 50%
78
78.0%
Moderately adequate knowledge
11 - 15
= 51 -75%
22
22%
Adequate knowledge
16 - 20
= 76-100%
0
0.0%
Total
100
100%
distributed. Booklet explained the importance of play
in child, advantages & types of play, playing activities
according to age and suitability of toys.
Firstly, demographic details such as age,
religion, qualification, mass media exposure, type of
family (nuclear or joint), monthly family income and
number of children were assessed. This was followed
by assessing the level of knowledge parents had
regarding the play needs of children under the age of 5.
There was a scale to assess the same. If the parents'
knowledge were less than 11.5, the parents had
inadequate knowledge. If the score was between 11.6
to 16.5, the parents had intermediate knowledge and if
the scores were above 16.6, the parents had good
knowledge. Similarly, the attitude of parents towards
play needs were assessed. The criteria for its
measurements were as follows- scores less than 11
were grouped as inadequate knowledge, between 11 to
15 were grouped as moderate knowledge and finally 16
and above were grouped as good knowledge. Figure 1
depicts the strategy for the study.
RESULTS:
63% of parents were in the age group of 31 to
35 while only 4% were within 46 to 50 years. 65%
were Hindu being maximum in numbers. 73% have
had some kind of formal education. Regarding mass
media exposure, all couples had access to atleast some
form of media. Around 61% were a nuclear family.
Most of the couples (47%) had a monthly income less
than Rs 3000 per month. 35 % had 2 children followed
by couples having 3 children [Table 1].
The level of knowledge of parents on play
needs of children (under 5 year of age) showed that
80% of the parents were having inadequate knowledge
and 20% of them had moderately adequate knowledge
and none of them had adequate knowledge [Table 2].
The level of attitude of parents on play needs
of children (under 5 year of age) showed that 78% of
the parents were having inadequate attitude and 22%
of them had moderately adequate attitude and none of
them had adequate attitude [Table 3].
DISCUSSION:
The data was collected, gathered, analyzed
and interpreted in terms of objectives of the study. The
mean, standard deviations, mean percentage, mean
difference percentage of knowledge & attitude of
parents regarding play needs of children (under 5 years
of age) was analyzed by using descriptive and
inferential statistics.
Finding of the study revealed that only 24 %
gave correct responses. 73 % parents had no
knowledge about rights of child. 72% parents did not
agree that play should be fundamental part of every
school curriculum but 28 % parents agreed. 69%
parents did not know that play is helpful for self-
confidence where 31% were aware. 68% parents did
not agree that play is a source of learning and 32%
parents agreed. 65% did not believe that lack of
parent's knowledge affects child's play. 68% parents
did not believe that play helps to improve
communication skill and 32% parents.
Verma M et al conducted a pre-experimental
study to identify the knowledge & practice of nursing
personnel regarding therapeutic play for hospitalized
children in pediatric unit on the basis of planned
teaching program. The finding of knowledge showed
that, the mean pretest knowledge score was 15.75 with
median 16 and standard deviation 2.79 against the
David S. Knowledge & Attitude of Parents Regarding Play Needs of Children
People’s Journal of Scientific Research / Volume 16 / Issue 1 / Jan-June 2023
35
maximum score of 30. Range of obtained Score in
pretest was between 10-22, indicating there was
knowledge deficits regarding therapeutic play for
hospitalized children. The mean post-test knowledge
score was 22.63 with median 22 and standard deviation
2.40 against the maximum score of 30. The mean
difference between pretest and post-test knowledge
score was 6.9. This obtained mean difference was
found to be statistically significant. This indicated that
the planned teaching programmed was effective to
enhance knowledge of nursing personnel regarding
therapeutic play. Our results were similar to the study.
Sreedhar Teji studied mother's knowledge in
anganwadi regarding play amongst children. The
researcher concluded that the lowest mean of pretest
score was found in the area of parental responsibility
f o l l o w e d b y d e v e l o p m e n t a l v a l u e ( 3 0 % )
developmental characteristics of play (33.33%), play
item & activities (35%), meaning and importance of
play (38.34%). The mean post-test knowledge score
(42) was found to be significantly higher than the mean
pretest score (16.4) with 't' (39)> 4.75 significant at
0.01 level. This suggested that the health education
program was effective in increasing the knowledge of
mothers regarding play in children. The mean
percentage gain between pre-test & post-test
knowledge score in all the content area indicated gain
in knowledge in all the areas. The maximum mean gain
creates positive thoughts in child. 59% parents were of
the opinion that play helps in social, cultural &
spiritual development of child. Lastly, 33% of parents
think that play helps in improving communication
skills. The present study revealed that there was
significant association 2=14.66 (p=0.001) between
age & attitude of parents, in mass media
2=13.1(p=0.05) and in monthly income of parents
2=8.66 (p=0.03).
CONCLUSION:
The present study showed that the maximum
parents were having inadequate knowledge regarding
play needs of children (under 5 years of age). Only age
and education qualification variables are significantly
associated with their knowledge score. Awareness
programs are needed to help understand the role of
play in a child's life.
Financial Support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
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